Centos7实现MySQL基于日志还原数据的示例代码

简介

Binlog日志,即二进制日志文件,用于记录用户对数据库操作的SQL语句信息,当发生数据误删除的时候我们可以通过binlog日志来还原已经删除的数据,还原数据的方法分为传统二进制文件还原数据和基于GTID的二进制文件还原数据

前期准备

准备一台Centos7虚拟机,关闭防火墙和selinux,配置IP地址,同步系统时间,安装MySQL数据库

传统二进制日志还原数据

修改配置文件

  [root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf  server-id=1  log-bin=binlog    #重启数据库服务  [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld    

操作数据库

  mysql> create database mydb charset utf8mb4;  mysql> use mydb;  mysql> create table test(id int)engine=innodb charset=utf8mb4;  mysql> insert into test values(1);  mysql> insert into test values(2);  mysql> insert into test values(3);  mysql> insert into test values(4);  mysql> commit;  mysql> update test set id=10 where id=4;  mysql> commit;  mysql> select * from test;  +------+  | id  |  +------+  |  1 |  |  2 |  |  3 |  |  10 |  +------+  4 rows in set (0.00 sec)  mysql> drop database mydb;  

查看二进制日志信息

  mysql> show master statusG;  *************************** 1. row ***************************         File: binlog.000001       Position: 1960     Binlog_Do_DB:    Binlog_Ignore_DB:   Executed_Gtid_Set:   1 row in set (0.00 sec)       #查找创库和删库的点,为219和1868  mysql> show binlog events in 'binlog.000001';  +---------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+  | Log_name   | Pos | Event_type   | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                |  +---------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+  | binlog.000001 | 219 | Query     |     1 |     329 | create database mydb charset utf8mb4                |  | binlog.000001 | 1868 | Query     |     1 |    1960 | drop database mydb                         |  +---------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

另存为二进制日志信息

  [root@localhost ~]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=219 --stop-position=1868 /var/lib/mysql/binlog.000001 > /tmp/binlog.sql  

恢复数据

  #临时关闭二进制日志记录以免重复记录  mysql> set sql_log_bin=0;  #恢复数据  mysql> source /tmp/binlog.sql  #重启二进制日志记录  mysql> set sql_log_bin=1;  

查看数据恢复情况

  mysql> show databases;  +--------------------+  | Database      |  +--------------------+  | information_schema |  | mydb        |  | mysql       |  | performance_schema |  | sys        |  +--------------------+  5 rows in set (0.00 sec)    mysql> use mydb;  Database changed  mysql> select * from test;  +------+  | id  |  +------+  |  1 |  |  2 |  |  3 |  |  10 |  +------+  4 rows in set (0.00 sec)、    

基于GTID二进制日志还原数据

修改配置文件

  [root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf  server-id=1  log-bin=binlog  gtid_mode=ON  enforce_gtid_consistency=true  log_slave_updates=1    #重启数据库服务  [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

操作数据库

  mysql> create database mydb1;  mysql> use mydb1;  Database changed  mysql> create table t1(id int)engine=innodb charset=utf8mb4;  mysql> insert into t1 values(1);  mysql> insert into t1 values(2);  mysql> insert into t1 values(3);  mysql> insert into t1 values(11);  mysql> insert into t1 values(12);  mysql> commit;  mysql> select * from t1;  +------+  | id  |  +------+  |  1 |  |  2 |  |  3 |  |  11 |  |  12 |  +------+  5 rows in set (0.00 sec)  mysql> drop database mydb1;  

查看二进制日志信息

  mysql> show master statusG;  *************************** 1. row ***************************         File: binlog.000003       Position: 1944     Binlog_Do_DB:    Binlog_Ignore_DB:   Executed_Gtid_Set: 51d3db57-bf69-11ea-976c-000c2911a022:1-8  1 row in set (0.00 sec)    mysql> show binlog events in 'binlog.000003';  +---------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+  | Log_name   | Pos | Event_type   | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                               |  +---------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+  | binlog.000003 | 154 | Gtid      |     1 |     219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '51d3db57-bf69-11ea-976c-000c2911a022:1' |  | binlog.000003 | 219 | Query     |     1 |     316 | create database mydb1                       |  | binlog.000003 | 1784 | Gtid      |     1 |    1849 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '51d3db57-bf69-11ea-976c-000c2911a022:8' |  | binlog.000003 | 1849 | Query     |     1 |    1944 | drop database mydb1                        |  +---------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+  

另存为二进制日志信息

  #8号事务记录为删除数据库,因此只需恢复1-7号事务记录即可  [root@localhost ~]# mysqlbinlog --skip-gtids --include-gtids='51d3db57-bf69-11ea-976c-000c2911a022:1-7' /var/lib/mysql/binlog.000003 > /tmp/gtid.sql    

参数说明:
--include-gtids:包含事务
--exclude-gtids:排除事务
--skip-gtids:跳过事务

恢复数据

  mysql> set sql_log_bin=0;  mysql> source /tmp/gtid.sql  mysql> set sql_log_bin=1;  

查看数据恢复情况

  mysql> show databases;  +--------------------+  | Database      |  +--------------------+  | information_schema |  | mydb        |  | mydb1       |  | mysql       |  | performance_schema |  | sys        |  +--------------------+  6 rows in set (0.00 sec)    mysql> use mydb1;  Database changed  mysql> select * from t1;  +------+  | id  |  +------+  |  1 |  |  2 |  |  3 |  |  11 |  |  12 |  +------+  5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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