linux下使用Apache搭建文件服务器的步骤


一.关于文件服务器

在一个项目中,如果想把公共软件或者资料共享给项目组成员,可以搭建一个简易的文件服务器来实现,只要是在局域网内的成员都可以通过浏览器或者wget命令来下载和访问资料。可以达到信息共享,软件版本一致的效果。本文讲述在linux环境下使用Apache服务搭建文件服务器。

二.使用Apache搭建文件服务器

1.Apache服务在linux环境下的程序叫做httpd,所以首先安装httpd服务,如果配置好了yum源的话,直接使用yum命令安

装,如果没有配置好yum源的话,可以参考博客“linux 配置本地yum源,配置国内yum源,配置epel源”进行配置,网址为:

  [root@node5 ~]# yum -y install httpd

2.启动httpd服务

  #启动httpd服务  [root@node5 ~]# systemctl start httpd    #查看httpd服务状态  [root@node5 ~]# systemctl status httpd  ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)    Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-12-17 16:26:05 CST; 7s ago     Docs: man:httpd(8)        man:apachectl(8)   Main PID: 98576 (httpd)    Status: "Processing requests..."    CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service        ├─98576 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND        ├─98577 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND        ├─98578 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND        ├─98579 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND        ├─98580 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND        └─98581 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND    Dec 17 16:26:05 node5 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...  Dec 17 16:26:05 node5 httpd[98576]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.110.184. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to su...ss this message  Dec 17 16:26:05 node5 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.  Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.    #查看Apache版本  [root@node5 ~]# httpd -version  Server version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)  Server built:  Nov 16 2020 16:18:20

3.查看IP地址,访问Apache页面

  #可以看到本机IP地址为192.168.110.184  [root@node5 soft]# ifconfig   ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500      inet 192.168.110.184 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.110.255      ether 00:0c:29:11:c4:4a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)      RX packets 24682 bytes 13301526 (12.6 MiB)      RX errors 0 dropped 4 overruns 0 frame 0      TX packets 15119 bytes 2166095 (2.0 MiB)      TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0    lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536      inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0      inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>      loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)      RX packets 2402 bytes 221903 (216.7 KiB)      RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0      TX packets 2402 bytes 221903 (216.7 KiB)      TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

在浏览器里访问http://192.168.110.184/,如果出现如下界面说明Apache服务安装成功

linux下使用Apache搭建文件服务器的步骤 Linux 第1张

4.创建共享目录/opt/soft,把需要共享的文件都放在这个目录

  [root@node5 soft]# mkdir /opt/soft    #此命令把系统所有的tar.gz的压缩包都放在共享目录里  [root@node5 soft]# find / -name "*.tar.gz" -exec mv {} /opt/soft ;    [root@node5 soft]# ls /opt/soft/  amhello-1.0.tar.gz      elasticsearch-6.2.2.tar.gz     FastDFS_v5.08.tar.gz    kibana-6.2.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz nginx-1.19.3.tar.gz     ntp-4.2.6p5.tar.gz   tomcat-native.tar.gz  apache-tomcat-8.0.51.tar.gz  fastdfs_client_java._v1.25.tar.gz findfile.tar.gz       libopts-40.0.15.tar.gz      nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz     rarlinux-3.8.0.tar.gz 饼干.txt  commons-daemon-native.tar.gz fastdfs-nginx-module_v1.16.tar.gz jdk-8u172-linux-x64.tar.gz nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz        ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz today_db.tar.gz

5.因为访问Apache页面默认读取的是/var/www/html/页面,所以把共享目录链接到/var/www/html/下就可以了

  [root@node5 ~]# ln -s /opt/soft /var/www/html/file    [root@node5 ~]# ll /var/www/html/file  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Dec 17 16:29 /var/www/html/file -> /opt/soft

6.重启Apache服务,查看页面

  [root@node5 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

使用浏览器访问http://192.168.110.184/file/,如果出现如下界面,就说明文件服务器搭建好了

linux下使用Apache搭建文件服务器的步骤 Linux 第2张

7.通过网页我们发现中文是乱码,可以修改配置文件使中文正常显示

  #在Apache配置文件的末尾追加一行  [root@node5 ~]# echo "IndexOptions Charset=UTF-8" >> /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf    [root@node5 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

再次访问网页http://192.168.110.184/file/,发现页面的中文正常显示了

linux下使用Apache搭建文件服务器的步骤 Linux 第3张

三.测试文件服务器是否可用

1.在windows上使用浏览器访问http://192.168.110.184/file/,如果页面可以打开,并且点击软件会自动下载,说明通过windows下载文件成功。

2.在局域网内的另外一台linux机器上测试是否可以下载文件

  #首先在node8机器上使用root账户测试下载文件  #使用wget命令下载文件  [root@node8 ~]# wget http://192.168.110.184/file/饼干.txt  --2020-12-17 16:53:00-- http://192.168.110.184/file/%E9%A5%BC%E5%B9%B2.txt  Connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected.  HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK  Length: 1181 (1.2K) [text/plain]  Saving to: ‘饼干.txt'    100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 1,181    --.-K/s  in 0s       2020-12-17 16:53:00 (130 MB/s) - ‘饼干.txt' saved [1181/1181]     [root@node8 ~]# wget http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz  --2020-12-17 16:53:26-- http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz  Connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected.  HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK  Length: 767 [application/x-gzip]  Saving to: ‘today_db.tar.gz'    100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 767     --.-K/s  in 0s       2020-12-17 16:53:26 (268 MB/s) - ‘today_db.tar.gz' saved [767/767]    #发现文件能正常下载  [root@node8 ~]# ls 饼干.txt today_db.tar.gz  today_db.tar.gz 饼干.txt    #使用node8机器上的普通账户file1测试下载文件  [root@node8 ~]# useradd file1    [root@node8 ~]# echo "123456" | passwd --stdin file1  Changing password for user file1.  passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.    [root@node8 ~]# su - file1   [file1@node8 ~]$ pwd  /home/file1  [file1@node8 ~]$ ls  [file1@node8 ~]$ wget http://192.168.110.184/file/饼干.txt  --2020-12-17 17:44:10-- http://192.168.110.184/file/%E9%A5%BC%E5%B9%B2.txt  Connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected.  HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK  Length: 1181 (1.2K) [text/plain]  Saving to: ‘饼干.txt'    100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 1,181    --.-K/s  in 0s       2020-12-17 17:44:10 (254 MB/s) - ‘饼干.txt' saved [1181/1181]    [file1@node8 ~]$ wget http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz  --2020-12-17 17:44:20-- http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz  Connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected.  HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK  Length: 767 [application/x-gzip]  Saving to: ‘today_db.tar.gz'    100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 767     --.-K/s  in 0s       2020-12-17 17:44:20 (216 MB/s) - ‘today_db.tar.gz' saved [767/767]    #发现能正常下载文件  [file1@node8 ~]$ ls  today_db.tar.gz 饼干.txt

自此文件服务器搭建成功,功能正常。

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