Linux下Tomcat+Nginx服务器环境安装配置的简明教程

一、安装
1.安装JDK
下载的jdk文件为:jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin,执行如下命令进行安装:

  #./jdk-6u12-linux-i586.bin  

2.安装tomcat:

  #tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz  #mv apache-tomcat-6.0.29 tomcat  

这里我将解压后的apache-tomcat-6.0.29重命名为了tomcat方便操作。

3.配置环境变量:
编辑/etc下的profile文件,加上如下内容:

  JAVA_HOME="/opt/app/jdk1.6.0_45"  CLASS_PATH="$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib"  PATH=".:$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin"  CATALINA_HOME="/opt/app/tomcat"  export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME  

执行下面命令使变更生效:

  # source /etc/profile  

启动tomcat并输入http://domain:8080,如果看到猫的页面即tomcat和jdk安装成功
新建文件目录/home/www为网站存放目录,设置server.xml文件,在Host name=”localhost”处将appBase=的指向路径改为/home/www/web
创建index.jsp至/home/www/web/ROOT,内容为:“hello!”  重新启动tomcat,重新访问,如果看到index.jsp文件内容hello!表示设置成功。

4.安装Nginx
执行如下命令解压nginx:

  # tar zxvf nginx-1.4.4.tar.gz  # mv nginx-1.4.4 nginx  

同样重命名了一下。
安装nginx:

  # ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/nginx  

结果出现了错误:error: C compiler cc is not found,按网上所说安装编译源码所需的工具和库:

  #yum install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel perl  

再次安装,发现还有错误:the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
执行

  # yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel  

终于成功,

  # ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/nginx  # make  # make install  

nginx安装成功后的安装目录为/opt/app/nginx

二、Nginx方面的配置
在/usr/local/目录下分别安装nginx和tomcat
为nginx添加conf.d目录,用于各项目的配置,比如新建renhetoutiao.conf文件

  server {    listen   80;    server_name devtoutiao.renhe.cn;    root    /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/htdocs;    access_log /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/logs/access_log.log;       location = / {      rewrite ^/$ /index.shtml last;    }       location ~ .shtml {      proxy_pass http://localhost:8081;      proxy_set_header  Host  $host;      proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;    }       location ~ .*.(js|css)?$ {      expires 1h;    }  }    server {    listen   80;    server_name devtoutiao.renhe.cn;    root    /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/htdocs;    access_log /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/logs/access_log.log;       location = / {      rewrite ^/$ /index.shtml last;    }       location ~ .shtml {      proxy_pass http://localhost:8081;      proxy_set_header  Host  $host;      proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;    }       location ~ .*.(js|css)?$ {      expires 1h;    }  }    

对nginx的conf/nginx.conf修改,第二行 user root,赋予nginx root权限,在http中添加 include /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
选择一个项目如renhetoutiao, 目录/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/

三、Tomcat方面的配置
catalina.policy catalina.properties context.xml tomcat-users.xml server.xml web.xml
这5个配置文件就可以启动一个tomcat实例,其中server.xml是必须配置的。
catalina.policy catalina.properties web.xml 可以使用默认的,可以从安装路径copy,context.xml tomcat-users.xml可以不用。
所以每个项目我们只需要配置server.xml, 如renhetoutiao项目的配置

  <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>  <Server port="8015" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">       <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"      SSLEngine="on" />    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" />    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />       <Service name="Catalina">         <Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />         <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">        <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="false" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">          <Context docBase="/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/web" path="" />        </Host>      </Engine>    </Service>  </Server>    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>  <Server port="8015" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">       <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"      SSLEngine="on" />    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" />    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />       <Service name="Catalina">         <Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />         <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">        <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="false" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">          <Context docBase="/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/web" path="" />        </Host>      </Engine>    </Service>  </Server>    

因为使用nginx,tomcat的ajp不会使用,所以可以去掉,tomcat可以这样简单配置。注意每个项目的连接端口和关闭端口,不要有重复。
因为tomcat回去加载指定路径下得class lib,所以必须把配置、依赖等copy至web下,启动脚本bin/startup,关闭脚本bin/shutdown 如下:

  #!/bin/sh     export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD"  export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat"     #启动为适配tomcat目录做的准备  #迁移tomcat必要的配置文件 catalina.policy catalina.properties context.xml tomcat-users.xml web.xml  if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy ]; then    cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.policy "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf  fi     if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.properties ]; then      cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.properties "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf  fi     if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/web.xml ]; then      cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/web.xml "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf  fi     if [ ! -d "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs ]; then   mkdir logs  fi     #准备classes和lib目录  CLASSES_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/classes  LIB_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/lib  rm -rf "$CLASSES_PATH"  rm -rf "$LIB_PATH"  cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf "$CLASSES_PATH"  cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/lib "$LIB_PATH"     #启动时会记录进程ID,存放于logs/tomcat.pid内  #shutdown时强制关闭该进程  $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh  

  #!/bin/sh     export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD"  export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat"     #启动为适配tomcat目录做的准备  #迁移tomcat必要的配置文件 catalina.policy catalina.properties context.xml tomcat-users.xml web.xml  if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy ]; then    cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.policy "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf  fi     if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.properties ]; then      cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.properties "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf  fi     if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/web.xml ]; then      cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/web.xml "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf  fi     if [ ! -d "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs ]; then   mkdir logs  fi     #准备classes和lib目录  CLASSES_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/classes  LIB_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/lib  rm -rf "$CLASSES_PATH"  rm -rf "$LIB_PATH"  cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf "$CLASSES_PATH"  cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/lib "$LIB_PATH"    #启动时会记录进程ID,存放于logs/tomcat.pid内  #shutdown时强制关闭该进程  $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh    

  #!/bin/sh     export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD"  export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat"     $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh    #!/bin/sh     export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD"  export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat"     $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh    

通过tomcat的startup.sh脚本,会碰到项目中分配的线程没有及时释放,tomcat不能及时关闭,导致重启时产生端口冲突
解决方案:强制关闭tomcat进程,kill -9 PID,执行脚本需要启动时记录各个tomcat实例的进程,这里将进程PID保存在项目的logs目录下。
记录PID的操作需要修改tomcat安装目录下 bin/catalina.sh脚本
在PRGDIR=dirname "$PRG"后面加上

  TOMCAT_PID="$PWD"/"logs/tomcat.pid"  if [ -f "$TOMCAT_PID" ]; then    CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID"  elif [ $1 = "start" ]; then    CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID"  fi    TOMCAT_PID="$PWD"/"logs/tomcat.pid"  if [ -f "$TOMCAT_PID" ]; then    CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID"  elif [ $1 = "start" ]; then    CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID"  fi    

最后需要给项目用户可执行权限 chmod 777 catalina.sh

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