详解nginx反向代理配置及优化

前言:

由于服务器apache抗不住目前的并发.加上前端squid配置后,问题依然无法解决.而页面程序大部分是动态.无法使用fastcgi来处理.因此想使用nginx做为反向代理apache.整个配置安装过程很简单.在考虑高并发的情况下,在安装前就做了些优化.目前配置能抗住3000以上并发.好像不是特别大哦?呵~~ 但足以~~ 只是还有少量499问题..期待有人跟我讨论解决

第1部分:安装

1 建立用户及组

  /usr/sbin/groupadd www  /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

2 安装pcre 让nginx支持rewrite 方便以后所需

  wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz  tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz  cd pcre-7.8/  ./configure  make && make install

3 安装nginx

  wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz  tar zxvf nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz  cd nginx-0.7.58/  ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron  make && make install

#注意上文中的--with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron 这是编译器优化,目前最常用的是-02 而不是3.后面对应CPU的型号,可参照:http://wiki.gentoo.tw/index.php/HOWTO_CFLAG

第2部分:配置及优化配置文件

1 nginx.conf 配置文件:

  user  www www;  worker_processes 4;    # [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]  error_log  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;  pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;  #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.  worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;  events  {       use epoll;       worker_connections 51200;  }    http  {       include       mime.types;       default_type  application/octet-stream;       source_charset GB2312;       server_names_hash_bucket_size 256;       client_header_buffer_size 256k;       large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;         #size limits       client_max_body_size       50m;       client_body_buffer_size    256k;       client_header_timeout   3m;       client_body_timeout 3m;       send_timeout       3m;  #参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误          sendfile on;       tcp_nopush     on;       keepalive_timeout 120; #参数加大,以解决做代理时502错误       tcp_nodelay on;             include          vhosts/upstream.conf;       include          vhosts/bbs.linuxtone.conf;     }    

2 upstream.conf 配置文件(这也是做负载的配置方法)

  upstream.conf        upstream bbs.linuxtone.com {           server 192.168.1.4:8099;         }

3 站点配置文件

  bbs.linuxtone.conf  server     {        listen       80;        server_name  bbs.linuxtone.conf;        charset GB2312;        index index.html index.htm;        root  /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;            location ~ ^/NginxStatus/ {              stub_status on;              access_log off;           }         location / {         root  /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;         proxy_redirect off ;         proxy_set_header Host $host;         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;         proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;         client_max_body_size 50m;         client_body_buffer_size 256k;         proxy_connect_timeout 30;         proxy_send_timeout 30;         proxy_read_timeout 60;         proxy_buffer_size 256k;         proxy_buffers 4 256k;         proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;         proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;         proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;         proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;         proxy_pass  http://bbs.linuxtone.com;        }    

#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误   

  #Add expires header for static content     location ~* .(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ {       if (-f $request_filename) {         root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;         expires      1d;         break;        }     }         log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '                           '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '                           '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';      access_log  /exp/nginxlogs/bbs.linuxtone_access.log  access;      }  

注:第二种代理方式

nginx 处理下图片,html等静态的东西.其它动态由apache处理.因此apache也需要做一些参数调整.

设置图片等过期时间.缓解请求.

如果源与nginx在同一台机器建议使用如下方法:

  location / {        proxy_pass  http://192.168.1.4:8099/;        proxy_redirect default ;        }

针对不同的目录进行代理把下面的配置放到根目录代理的上面

          location /linuxtone/ {                proxy_pass  http://192.168.1.4:8099/linuxtone/;                proxy_redirect default ;           }

4 源配置

  <VirtualHost 192.168.1.4:8099>      ServerAdmin liuyu105#gmail.com      DocumentRoot /date/wwwroot/linuxtone      ServerName bbs.linuxtone.com      ErrorLog logs/linuxtone_error_log     CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog logs/linuxtone_access_log.%Y%m%d" combined  </VirtualHost>

 第3部分:源的优化

1 apache-mpm.conf

  <IfModule mpm_prefork_module>      StartServers          15      MinSpareServers       15      MaxSpareServers      30      ServerLimit         2536      MaxClients          2048      MaxRequestsPerChild   1500  </IfModule>

2 apache-keepalive

  Timeout 120  #与nginx的保持一至  KeepAlive On  MaxKeepAliveRequests 400  KeepAliveTimeout 7

第4部分:PHP的优化

优化一:将PHP由之前的xcache换成eaccelerator

1 安装

  wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2  tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2  cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/  /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize  ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config  make  make install

注:PHP路径以安装为准!

2 配置

  sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"nextension = "memcache.so"n#' /etc/php.ini  sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /etc/php.ini  sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /etc/php.ini

配置eAccelerator加速PHP:

  mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache  vi /etc/php.ini

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:

  [eaccelerator]  zend_extension="/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"  eaccelerator.shm_size="128"  eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"  eaccelerator.enable="1"  eaccelerator.optimizer="1"  eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"  eaccelerator.debug="0"  eaccelerator.filter=""  eaccelerator.shm_max="0"  eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"  eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"  eaccelerator.shm_only="0"  eaccelerator.compress="1"  eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

优化二:联系开发重新编译php减少php的模块.以减少php进程所占用内存数.这块尽管影响不大,但也有一定的作用.编译前也可以参照nginx的编译器优化方式安装.

第5部分:测试并启动nginx

  ulimit -SHn 51200  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t   /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

第6部分:nginx日志切割脚本

  #!/bin/bash  # This script run at 00:00    # The Nginx logs path  logs_path="/exp/nginxlogs/"    mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/  mv ${logs_path}bbs.linuxtone_access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/bbs.linuxtone_access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log  kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`  

crontab -e

00 00 * * * /bin/bash    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支Fatmouse

参与评论