ssh 登录很慢该如何解决

ssh登录很慢解决方法

使用ssh客户端(如:)连接Linux服务器,可能会等待10-30秒才有提示输入密码。严重影响工作效率。登录很慢,登录上去后速度正常,这种情况主要有两种可能的原因:

1. DNS反向解析问题

OpenSSH在用户登录的时候会验证IP,它根据用户的IP使用反向DNS找到主机名,再使用DNS找到IP地址,最后匹配一下登录的IP是否合法。如果客户机的IP没有域名,或者DNS服务器很慢或不通,那么登录就会很花时间。

解决办法:在目标服务器上修改sshd服务器端配置,并重启sshd

  vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config  UseDNS no

2. 关闭ssh的gssapi认证

用ssh -v user@server 可以看到登录时有如下信息:

  debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic  debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information  

注:ssh -vvv user@server 可以看到更细的debug信息

解决办法:

修改sshd服务器端配置

  vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config  GSSAPIAuthentication no  

可以使用ssh -o GSSAPIAuthentication=no user@server登录

GSSAPI ( Generic Security Services Application Programming Interface) 是一套类似Kerberos 5的通用网络安全系统接口。该接口是对各种不同的客户端服务器安全机制的封装,以消除安全接口的不同,降低编程难度。但该接口在目标机器无域名解析时会有问题

使用strace查看后发现,ssh在验证完key之后,进行authentication gssapi-with-mic,此时先去连接DNS服务器,在这之后会进行其他操作

  [root@192-168-3-40 ~]# ssh -vvv root@192.168.3.44   OpenSSH_5.3p1, OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013   debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config   debug1: Applying options for *   debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0   debug1: Connecting to 192.168.3.44 [192.168.3.44] port 22.   debug1: Connection established.   debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0   debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/identity type -1   debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/identity-cert type -1   debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type -1   debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1   debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1   debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1   debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1   debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1   debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3   debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3 pat OpenSSH*   debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0   debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3   debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK   debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent   debug3: Wrote 960 bytes for a total of 981   debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0   debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0   debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5   debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none   debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5   debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none   debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent   debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP   debug3: Wrote 24 bytes for a total of 1005   debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 120/256   debug2: bits set: 506/1024   debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent   debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY   debug3: Wrote 144 bytes for a total of 1149   debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: host 192.168.3.44 filename /root/.ssh/known_hosts   debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: host 192.168.3.44 filename /root/.ssh/known_hosts   debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 8   debug1: Host '192.168.3.44' is known and matches the RSA host key.   debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:8   debug2: bits set: 527/1024   debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct   debug2: kex_derive_keys   debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1   debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent   debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS   debug3: Wrote 16 bytes for a total of 1165   debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0   debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received   debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent   debug3: Wrote 48 bytes for a total of 1213   debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth   debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received   debug2: key: /root/.ssh/identity ((nil))   debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa ((nil))   debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil))   debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil))   debug3: Wrote 64 bytes for a total of 1277   debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password   debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password   debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password   debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-keyex   debug3: remaining preferred: gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password   debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-keyex   debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-keyex   debug1: No valid Key exchange context   debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method   debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-with-mic   debug3: remaining preferred: publickey,keyboard-interactive,password   debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-with-mic   debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic   debug3: Trying to reverse map address 192.168.3.44.   debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information   Cannot determine realm for numeric host address      debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information   Cannot determine realm for numeric host address      debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information         debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information   Cannot determine realm for numeric host address      debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method   debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey   debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password   debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey   debug1: Next authentication method: publickey   debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/identity   debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/identity   debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa   debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_rsa   debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa   debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_dsa   debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa   debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa   debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method   debug3: authmethod_lookup password   debug3: remaining preferred: ,password   debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password   debug1: Next authentication method: password   root@192.168.3.44's password:     

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