linux系统用户管理与grep正则表达式示例教程

前言

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linux系统用户管理与grep正则表达式

1、复制/etc/skel目录为/home/tuser1,要求/home/tuser1及其内部文件的属组和其它用户均没有任何访问权限。

  [root@suywien ~]# cp -rpv /etc/skel/ /home/tuser1/  ‘/etc/skel/' -> ‘/home/tuser1/'  ‘/etc/skel/.mozilla' -> ‘/home/tuser1/.mozilla'  ‘/etc/skel/.mozilla/extensions' -> ‘/home/tuser1/.mozilla/extensions'  ‘/etc/skel/.mozilla/plugins' -> ‘/home/tuser1/.mozilla/plugins'  ‘/etc/skel/.bash_logout' -> ‘/home/tuser1/.bash_logout'  ‘/etc/skel/.bash_profile' -> ‘/home/tuser1/.bash_profile'  ‘/etc/skel/.bashrc' -> ‘/home/tuser1/.bashrc'  [root@suywien ~]# useradd tuser -d /home/tuser1/  useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.  Not copying any file from skel directory into it.  [root@suywien ~]# chmod -R go-rwx /home/tuser1/  [root@suywien ~]# ll -d /home/tuser1/  drwx------ 3 root root 74 Feb 12 03:04 /home/tuser1/

2、编辑/etc/group文件,添加组hadoop。

  [root@suywien ~]# vim /etc/group  [root@suywien ~]# tail -1 /etc/group  hadoop:x:1029

3、手动编辑/etc/passwd文件新增一行,添加用户hadoop,其基本组ID为hadoop组的id号;其家目录为/home/hadoop。

  [root@suywien ~]# vim /etc/passwd  [root@suywien ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd  hadoop:x:1029:1029::/home/hodoop/:/bin/bash

4、复制/etc/skel目录为/home/hadoop,要求修改hadoop目录的属组和其它用户没有任何访问权限。

  [root@suywien ~]# cp -fpv /etc/skel/ /home/hadoop  cp: omitting directory ‘/etc/skel/'  [root@suywien ~]# cp -fpvR /etc/skel/ /home/hadoop  ‘/etc/skel/' -> ‘/home/hadoop'  ‘/etc/skel/.mozilla' -> ‘/home/hadoop/.mozilla'  ‘/etc/skel/.mozilla/extensions' -> ‘/home/hadoop/.mozilla/extensions'  ‘/etc/skel/.mozilla/plugins' -> ‘/home/hadoop/.mozilla/plugins'  ‘/etc/skel/.bash_logout' -> ‘/home/hadoop/.bash_logout'  ‘/etc/skel/.bash_profile' -> ‘/home/hadoop/.bash_profile'  ‘/etc/skel/.bashrc' -> ‘/home/hadoop/.bashrc'  [root@suywien ~]# chmod go-rwx /home/hadoop/  [root@suywien ~]# ls -ld /home/hadoop/  drwx------ 3 root root 74 Feb 12 03:04 /home/hadoop/

5、修改/home/hadoop目录及其内部所有文件的属主为hadoop,属组为hadoop。

  [root@suywien ~]# chown -R hadoop:hadoop /home/hadoop/  [root@suywien ~]# ll -al /home/hadoop/  total 16  drwx------ 3 hadoop hadoop 74 Feb 12 03:04 .  drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 Mar 25 10:14 ..  -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 18 Nov 20 2015 .bash_logout  -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 193 Nov 20 2015 .bash_profile  -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 231 Nov 20 2015 .bashrc  drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 37 Feb 12 03:03 .mozilla

6、显示/proc/meminfo文件中以大写或小写S开头的行;用两种方式;

1、

  [root@suywien ~]# grep ^[S,s] /proc/meminfo    SwapCached:   0 kB   SwapTotal:  2097148 kB   SwapFree:  2097148 kB   Shmem:    9100 kB   Slab:    89476 kB   SReclaimable:  53176 kB   SUnreclaim:  36300 kB

2、

  [root@suywien ~]# grep -i "^s" /proc/meminfo    SwapCached:   0 kB   SwapTotal:  2097148 kB   SwapFree:  2097148 kB   Shmem:    9100 kB

7、显示/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为非/sbin/nologin的用户;

  [root@suywien ~]# grep /sbin/nologin$ /etc/passwd  bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin  daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin  adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin  lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin  mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin  ......

8、显示/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为/bin/bash的用户;

  [root@suywien ~]# grep /bin/bash /etc/passwd  root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash  roo:x:1000:1000:root:/home/roo:/bin/bash  gentoo:x:4001:4001::/home/gentoo:/bin/bash  mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash  tuser:x:4003:4003::/home/tuser1/:/bin/bash  hadoop:x:1029:1029::/home/hodoop/:/bin/bash

9、找出/etc/passwd文件中的一位数或两位数;

  [root@suywien ~]# grep "<[0-9]{2,3}>" /etc/passwd  mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin  operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin  games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin  ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin  ......

10、显示/boot/grub/grub.conf中以至少一个空白字符开头的行;

  [root@suywien ~]# grep "^[[:space:]]+" /boot/grub2/grub.cfg    load_env   set default="${next_entry}"   set next_entry=   save_env next_entry   set boot_once=true   ......

11、显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中以#开头,后面跟至少一个空白字符,而后又有至少一个非空白字符的行;

  [root@suywien ~]# grep "^#[[:space:]]+[^[:space:]]+" /etc/rc.d/rc.local   # THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES  # It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules  # to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.  # In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot  # this script will NOT be run after all other services.  # Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure  # that this script will be executed during boot.

12、打出netstat -tan命令执行结果中以‘LISTEN',后或跟空白字符结尾的行;

  [root@suywien ~]# netstat -tan | grep "LISTEN[[:space:]]*$"  tcp  0  0 192.168.122.1:53  0.0.0.0:*    LISTEN    tcp  0  0 0.0.0.0:22    0.0.0.0:*    LISTEN    tcp  0  0 127.0.0.1:631   0.0.0.0:*    LISTEN    tcp  0  0 127.0.0.1:25   0.0.0.0:*    LISTEN    tcp6  0  0 :::22     :::*     LISTEN    tcp6  0  0 ::1:631     :::*     LISTEN    tcp6  0  0 ::1:25     :::*     LISTEN

13、添加用户bash, testbash, basher, nologin (此一个用户的shell为/sbin/nologin),而后找出当前系统上其用户名和默认shell相同的用户的信息;

  [root@suywien ~]# useradd bash  [root@suywien ~]# useradd basher  [root@suywien ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nologin    [root@suywien ~]# grep -E "^([^:]+>).*1$" /etc/passwd  sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync  shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown  halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt  bash:x:4004:4004::/home/bash:/bin/bash  nologin:x:4006:4006::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin

总结

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