CentOS7服务器环境下vsftpd安装及配置方法
本文实例讲述了CentOS7服务器环境下vsftpd安装及配置方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
0x:卸载vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove vsftpd [root@localhost ~]# find / -name "vsftpd*" /etc/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.bak [root@localhost ~]# rm -fr /etc/vsftpd/
1x:重新安装
[root@localhost home]#yum -y install vsftpd [root@localhost home]# systemctl start vsftpd.service [root@localhost home]# systemctl status vsftpd.service
● vsftpd.service - Vsftpd ftp daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-11-09 21:15:18 EST; 8s ago Process: 5716 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 5717 (vsftpd) CGroup: /system.slice/vsftpd.service └─5717 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf Nov 09 21:15:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Vsftpd ftp daemon... Nov 09 21:15:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Vsftpd ftp daemon. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
Active: active (running) 说明安装已完成
2x:本地用户配置
[root@localhost vsftpd]# useradd test1 [root@localhost vsftpd]# passwd test1 Changing password for user test1. New password: BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
添加test1本地帐户,下面是用业查询本地帐号,及黑名单
[root@localhost vsftpd]# cat /etc/passwd [root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers [root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list [root@localhost vsftpd]# cat /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin polkitd:x:999:997:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin chrony:x:998:996::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash www:x:1000:1000::/home/www:/bin/bash nginx:x:997:995:nginx user:/var/cache/nginx:/sbin/nologin virtual:x:1001:1001::/home/ftpsite:/bin/bash virtual1:x:1002:1002::/home/ftpsite:/bin/bash vsftpd:x:1003:1003::/home/vsftpd:/sbin/nologin overlord:x:1004:1004::/home/overlord:/sbin/nologin test1:x:1005:1005::/home/test1:/bin/bash [root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers # Users that are not allowed to login via ftp root bin daemon adm lp sync shutdown halt mail news uucp operator games nobody [root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list # vsftpd userlist # If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file # If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and # do not even prompt for a password. # Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers # for users that are denied. root bin daemon adm lp sync shutdown halt mail news uucp operator games nobody
现在使用Windows ftp 来登录及测试
C:Usersxiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147 连接到 192.168.5.147。 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) 200 Always in UTF8 mode. 用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): test1 331 Please specify the password. 密码: 230 Login successful. ftp> pwd 257 "/home/test1" ftp> ls 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Here comes the directory listing. 226 Directory send OK. ftp>
[root@localhost vsftpd]# touch /home/test1/showme.txt
ftp> ls 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Here comes the directory listing. showme.txt 226 Directory send OK. ftp: 收到 15 字节,用时 0.00秒 15.00千字节/秒。 ftp> ftp> get showme.txt 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for showme.txt (0 bytes). 226 Transfer complete. ftp> ftp> put winfile1.txt 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Ok to send data. 226 Transfer complete. ftp: 发送 9 字节,用时 0.00秒 4.50千字节/秒。 ftp>
[root@localhost vsftpd]# ls /home/test1/ showme.txt winfile1.txt
坚信vsftp安装后不对/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf做任何修改就可以通过新建的Linux用户(本地用户)访问下载和上传文件。
其它与次无关
cat /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list userlist_enable=YES userlist_deny=NO userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list tcpdump -i eth0 src host hostname(明文) touch /home/test1/test1.txt local_root=/tmp/test1_root/ local_max_rate=0 groupadd tg gpasswd -a test1 tg chown root:tg /tmp/test1_root/ chmod 775 /tmp/test1_root/ ll /temp/ chroot_local_user=YES chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
3x:匿名用户配置
[root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf anonymous_enable=YES anon_upload_enable=YES anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES [root@localhost vsftpd]# systemctl restart vsftpd [root@localhost vsftpd]# touch /var/ftp/pub/lm.txt [root@localhost vsftpd]# chown ftp /var/ftp/pub
服务器配置上面的就可以访问并上传文件到pub目录下
可能会出现的问题:
1、想当然给 ftp用户 /var/ftp/目录 权限出现下面问题
[root@localhost vsftpd]# chown ftp /var/ftp/ [root@localhost vsftpd]# ll -d /var/ftp/ drwxr-xr-x. 3 ftp root 4096 Nov 10 17:03 /var/ftp/ C:Usersxiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147 连接到 192.168.5.147。 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) 200 Always in UTF8 mode. 用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): anonymous 331 Please specify the password. 密码: 500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot() 远程主机关闭连接。
解决方法:
[root@localhost vsftpd]# chown root /var/ftp [root@localhost vsftpd]# chown ftp/var/ftp/pub
2、Windows CMD(命令行)会出下面错误及处理
C:Usersxiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147 连接到 192.168.5.147。 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) 200 Always in UTF8 mode. 用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): anonymous 331 Please specify the password. 密码: 230 Login successful. ftp> ftp> ls 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 425 Failed to establish connection. ftp>
解决方法:
可以在ftp下使用命令:quote PASV
。
4x:虚拟用户配置(重头戏,最推荐)
1、添加虚拟用户口令文件并生成认证文件
[root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vuser.txt [root@localhost vsftpd]# yum -y install db4-utils [root@localhost vsftpd]# db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/vuser.txt /etc/vsftpd/vuser.db
2、编辑vsftpd的PAM认证文件
[root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/pam.d/vsftpd 在其文件中添加下面两行,并注释其它行 auth required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser account required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser #%PAM-1.0 #session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke #auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers onerr=succeed #auth required pam_shells.so #auth include password-auth #account include password-auth #session required pam_loginuid.so #session include password-auth auth required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser account required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser
3、建立本地映射用户并设置宿主目录权限
[root@localhost vsftpd]# useradd -d /home/vftproot -s /sbin/nologin vuser [root@localhost vsftpd]# ll /home/ [root@localhost vsftpd]# chmod 555 /home/vftproot/ [root@localhost vsftpd]# ll /home/
4、修改配置文件,重启vsftpd服务,并测试
[root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf guest_enable=YES guest_username=vuser pam_service_name=vsftpd [root@localhost vsftpd]# systemctl restart vsftpd.service
5、调整虚拟用户权限,并继续设置:到此下载可以但上传是不是行的
[root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf anonymous_enable=NO local_enable=YES anon_upload_enable=YES anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES anon_other_write_enable=YES [root@localhost_centos vsftpd]# systemctl restart vsftpd.service [root@localhost vsftpd]# mkdir /home/vftproot/pub [root@localhost vsftpd]# chmod 777 /home/vftproot/pub [root@localhost vsftpd]# ll -d /home//vftproot/pub drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 16:33 /home//vftproot/pub
至此虚拟用户上传也是可以了!
C:Usersxiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147 连接到 192.168.5.147。 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) 200 Always in UTF8 mode. 用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): ftpxrl 331 Please specify the password. 密码: 230 Login successful. ftp> ls 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Here comes the directory listing. pub t1.txt 226 Directory send OK. ftp: 收到 16 字节,用时 0.00秒 16000.00千字节/秒。 ftp> cd pub 250 Directory successfully changed. ftp> put abc.txt 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Ok to send data. 226 Transfer complete. ftp>
6、设置可能会碰到的问题
A、500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()
C:Usersxiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147 连接到 192.168.5.147。 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) 200 Always in UTF8 mode. 用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): ftpxrl 331 Please specify the password. 密码: 500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot() 远程主机关闭连接。
[root@localhost vsftpd]# chmod 555 /home/vftproot/
C:Usersxiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147 连接到 192.168.5.147。 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) 200 Always in UTF8 mode. 用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): ftpxrl 331 Please specify the password. 密码: 230 Login successful. ftp>
B、530 Login incorrect
解决办法:/etc/pam.d/下面的vsftpd里面的/lib 修改为/lib64
5x:防火墙设置
3、配置ftp
打开etc/vsftpd.conf
将chroot_list_enable=NO改为chroot_list_enable=YES
设置被动模式端口
pasv_min_port=30000 pasv_max_port=30000
5、防火墙设置
添加30000端口为被动模式用,如果要开户主动模式则需要添加20端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=30000/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload
通过命令:firewall-cmd --list-ports
查看开通的端口
希望本文所述对大家CentOS服务器配置有所帮助。