Ubuntu16.04环境下搭建FTP服务器的教程

Ubuntu16.04搭建FTP服务器

安装ftp

安装ftp:

  sudo apt-get update  sudo apt-get install vsftpd

检查ftp是否安装:

  vsftpd --version

更改配置文件

注意使用sudo命令获得root权限
打开配置文件:

  sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.conf

做如下更改:

  # Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf  #  # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file  # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.  # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.  #  # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.  # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's  # capabilities.  #  #  # Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone  # daemon started from an initscript.  listen=NO  #  # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening  # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6  # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6  # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific  # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration  # files.  listen_ipv6=YES  #  # Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).  anonymous_enable=NO  #  # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.  local_enable=YES  #  # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.  write_enable=YES  #  # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,  # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)  local_umask=022  #  # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only  # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will  # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.  #anon_upload_enable=YES  #  # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create  # new directories.  #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES  #  # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they  # go into a certain directory.  dirmessage_enable=YES  #  # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time  # in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The  # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this  # option.  use_localtime=YES  #  # Activate logging of uploads/downloads.  xferlog_enable=YES  #  # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).  connect_from_port_20=YES  #  # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by  # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not  # recommended!  #chown_uploads=YES  #chown_username=whoever  #  # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown  # below.  xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log  #  # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.  # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.  xferlog_std_format=YES  #  # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.  #idle_session_timeout=600  #  # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.  #data_connection_timeout=120  #  # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the  # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.  #nopriv_user=ftpsecure  #  # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not  # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,  # however, may confuse older FTP clients.  #async_abor_enable=YES  #  # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore  # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII  # mangling on files when in ASCII mode.  # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service  # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd  # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the  # raw file.  # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.  #ascii_upload_enable=YES  #ascii_download_enable=YES  #  # You may fully customise the login banner string:  ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.  #  # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently  # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.  #deny_email_enable=YES  # (default follows)  #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails  #  # You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for  # the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or  # chroot_list_enable below.  #chroot_local_user=YES  #  # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home  # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of  # users to NOT chroot().  # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that  # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the  # chroot)  chroot_local_user=YES  chroot_list_enable=YES  # (default follows)  chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list  #  # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by  # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large  # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume  # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.  #ls_recurse_enable=YES  #  # Customization  #  # Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by  # default.  #  # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the  # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used  # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem  # access.  secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty  #  # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.  pam_service_name=ftp  #  # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL  # encrypted connections.  rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem  rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key  ssl_enable=NO    #  # Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.  utf8_filesystem=YES  

退出编辑模式后,使用:wq保存退出vim.

创建ftp用户

此处的操作需要使用root权限,若操作被拒绝,使用sudo:

  sudo mkdir /home/ftpdir  sudo useradd ftpdir -d /home/ftpdir -m  sudo passwd ftpdir  sudo mkdir /home/ftpdir/ftp  sudo chmod 777 -R /home/ftpdir/ftp  usermod -s /sbin/nologin ftpdir

配置完成后,添加用户:

  sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

将ftpdir添加在文件中。

ftpdir

到此为止,整个ftp的搭建过程就完成了,接下来就是关于如何去使用了。

启动或者重启ftp

启动或者重启ftp:

  service vsftpd startservice vsftpd restart

查看ftp状态:

  service vsftpd status

若要关闭ftp服务,可以使用如下命令:

  service vsftpd stop

查看服务器ip

打开命令端

  robot@robot:~$ ifconfig  enp4s0f2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 74:d0:2b:ec:fa:f9      UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1     RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0     TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0     collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000      RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)    lo  Link encap:Local Loopback      inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0     inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host     UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1     RX packets:12840 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0     TX packets:12840 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0     collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000      RX bytes:1174976 (1.1 MB) TX bytes:1174976 (1.1 MB)    wlp3s0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 24:fd:52:85:42:0c      inet addr:192.168.1.110 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0     inet6 addr: fe80::c13c:b38e:69c7:cdf2/64 Scope:Link     UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1     RX packets:99764 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0     TX packets:95225 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0     collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000      RX bytes:98718687 (98.7 MB) TX bytes:14326894 (14.3 MB)

由于此处连接的是wifi,因此在wlp3s0这里找到对应的ip地址为192.168.1.110(如果连接网线则在第一段找ip,每台电脑的配置都不一样,可根据实际情况考虑)

登陆

使用filezilla或者打开文件管理器输入ftp://ipaddress

打开计算机,输入服务器的ip地址ftp://192.168.1.110
Ubuntu16.04环境下搭建FTP服务器的教程 Linux 第1张

输入用户名和密码,此处使用的用户名为ftpdir,密码为123456

Ubuntu16.04环境下搭建FTP服务器的教程 Linux 第2张

最后就可以看到服务器上的创建的文件夹了。

Ubuntu16.04环境下搭建FTP服务器的教程 Linux 第3张

ubuntu上文件位置

在完成ftp服务器的搭建和测试工作后,文件存放在服务哪里呢,怎么找到这些文件?
在创建用户那一节,在/home目录这里创建了ftpdir文件夹,ftpdir文件夹里创建了一个可读可写的文件夹ftp,在之后的文件传输中,可以切换到ftp文件夹中寻找文件,此处操作需要使用sudo获取权限。

  robot@robot:~$ cd /home/ftpdir/ftp  robot@robot:/home/ftpdir/ftp$ ls  魔方.zip

至此,整个过程就结束了,在搭建的过程中,参考了网上其他前辈的经验,这仅作为学习之路上的笔记,所提到的东西若有错误,欢迎各位指出!

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Ubuntu16.04环境下搭建FTP服务器的教程,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对脚本之家网站的支持!
如果你觉得本文对你有帮助,欢迎转载,烦请注明出处,谢谢!

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